Hydraulic System-Open circuit

Hydraulic system is divide into 2 basic circuits: open circuit and closed circuit. The type of circuit is designate by directional control valves.

Open circuit

In open loop circuit the pump vacuum oil from the tank pushed through the hydraulic system and led back to tank. Actuator is fed via directional valves and returned via the same valves to tank.

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The open circuit is the standard circuit use in many industrial and mobile applications : machine tools and press drives to winch and mobile drives.

Open circuit used in many industrial and mobile applications

A variable displacement pump has an advantage over the fixed displacement pump of saving energy -by the automatic matching to force (pressure) and velocity (flow) thru a combined pressure and feed flow controller. For practical view the output of the pump speed is variable.

A direction control valve was introduce in the hydraulic circuit, free-wheeling actuator circuit. Use of components as filter, cooler completed the hydraulic system.

Pressure relief valve function is to limit the pressure to a specific maxim value by sending the pump flow back to tank. The circuit is design to maintain a specific maximum pressure or maximum load. This pressure is limit to a safe value that does not outbreak the circuit and the hydraulic system is protect from overload.

The components comprise the open circuit shown are:

Tank(1)
Variable displacement pump (2)
Hydraulic motor (3)
Hydraulic cylinder(4)
Suction line of the hydraulic pump (5)
Arrow which shown the drive speed which is variable(6)
System flow(7)
Output speed of variable displacement pump means the velocity depends of load but the circuit is protected by overload by pressure relief valve (8)
Stroke velocity of hydraulic motor which is variable means the velocity depends of load but the circuit is protected by overload by pressure relief valve(9)
Directional valve tandem type free-wheeling circuit when valve is center positioned (10)
Pressure relief valve is protecting the circuit from overload (12)
Different components such as filter and cooler(13)